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PUBLIC HEALTH IN DATA

Analysis of 107 million hospital admissions funded by SUS, Brazil's free public health system, from 2015 to 2023: volume, cost and mortality by year, diagnosis and state.

Type: Data analysis
Data: SIH/SUS, 2015–2023
Tools: BigQuery, SQL, Python, Power BI
Images: 6

Personal project with the open microdata of SUS's Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), queried through Base dos Dados on Google BigQuery. Amounts in Brazilian reais of each year, not adjusted for inflation. The dashboard is in Portuguese.

KEY FINDINGS

R$ 151.7 BN
Spent on 107.4 million admissions between 2015 and 2023.
COVID
Only the 4th cause of admission by volume, but the most expensive of the period: R$ 10.7 billion. Its average cost, R$ 5,440, is almost ten times that of a normal delivery.
PANDEMIC
Admissions fell 13.5% in 2020 compared with 2019, and in-hospital mortality rose from 4.25% to 6.61% in 2021.
SEPSIS
The highest mortality among the most frequent diagnoses: 46.6% of admissions end in death.
HEART ATTACK +71%
Admissions for heart attack grew 71% from 2015 to 2023, while mortality fell from 11.7% to 8.2%. Births fell 27% (normal) and 24% (C-section).
STATES
Paraná has the highest admission rate (73.9 per thousand people per year) and the highest average cost (R$ 1,763). Rio de Janeiro has the highest mortality (7.1%) and the longest stays (7.1 days).

POWER BI DASHBOARD

Overview page: 107.4 million admissions, R$ 151.73 billion spent, average cost of R$ 1,549 in 2023 and 6.61% mortality in 2021, with charts of admissions and spending by year and mortality from 2015 to 2023. — **Overview.** Admissions, spending and in-hospital mortality by year, with the jump in cost and mortality during the pandemic.

Diagnoses page: bars of admissions and spending by diagnosis, with normal delivery first in volume and viral diseases (including COVID) first in spending, and a table with admissions, spending, average cost, days and mortality. — **Diagnoses.** The 20 diagnoses with the most admissions and the highest cost, with average cost, length of stay and mortality.

Trends page with ten small line charts, one per diagnosis, showing admissions from 2015 to 2023: fewer births, more heart attacks, sepsis and strokes and the COVID peak in 2021. — **Trends: admissions.** The main diagnoses year by year. The button at the top switches the measure between admissions, spending and mortality.

Trends page with the Spending (R$ mi) measure: ten small line charts from 2015 to 2023, with the COVID peak in 2021 near R$ 8 billion and rising spending on heart attack, sepsis, stroke and chronic kidney disease. — **Trends: spending.** Yearly spending in R$ millions by diagnosis. COVID passes R$ 7.5 billion in 2021, and heart attack and sepsis rise almost every year.

Trends page with the Mortality (%) measure: ten small line charts from 2015 to 2023, with COVID above 20% in 2020 and 2021, the pneumonia peak in 2020 and the steady fall in heart attack mortality. — **Trends: mortality.** In-hospital mortality by diagnosis. Pneumonia and COVID spike during the pandemic, while heart attack mortality falls from 11.7% to 8.2%.

States page: bars of admissions per thousand people per year, with Paraná, Roraima and the Federal District at the top and Sergipe last, and a table with region, admissions, average cost, mortality and days. — **States.** Admissions per thousand people per year, average cost, mortality and length of stay in the 27 states.

DATA QUALITY

EMPTY STATE
The state column is empty in 100% of rows. The state was derived from the first two digits of the IBGE code of the hospital's municipality.
SPLIT ICD
The main diagnosis comes in two columns, depending on the code length. Using only one, 90% of admissions would have no diagnosis, so both were combined.
2024 AND 2025
2024 has duplicated months and 2025 has missing months, so the analysis covers 2015–2023.
VALIDATION
Totals by state and by year match (107,368,293 admissions in both), as do the yearly sums of each diagnosis and the overall ranking.

GITHUB REPOSITORY (PT)

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